河北省石家莊市高中英語(yǔ) Unit 2 Working the land Discovering useful structures語(yǔ)法導(dǎo)學(xué)案 新人教版必修4

《河北省石家莊市高中英語(yǔ) Unit 2 Working the land Discovering useful structures語(yǔ)法導(dǎo)學(xué)案 新人教版必修4》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《河北省石家莊市高中英語(yǔ) Unit 2 Working the land Discovering useful structures語(yǔ)法導(dǎo)學(xué)案 新人教版必修4（8頁(yè)珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、 Discovering useful structures ---- The -ing form as the Subject and Object 學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)： 熟悉掌握動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ) 學(xué)習(xí)重難點(diǎn)： 了解動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)的形式用法并靈活運(yùn)用 學(xué)習(xí)方法： 多讀例句，感受規(guī)律，掌握結(jié)構(gòu)，靈活應(yīng)用 Task 1: Read the following sentences using the –ing form as subject and object first and try to learn by yourself how to use it and in what

2、 context. 1） Reading is an art. 讀書是一種藝術(shù)。 2） Working in these conditions is not a pleasure but a suffer. 在這種工作條件下工作不是一件愉快的事而是一件痛苦的事。 3）They went on walking and never stopped talking.他們繼續(xù)走，說(shuō)個(gè)不停。 4）I found it pleasant walking along the seashore.在海灘上走真是樂事。 5）Mark often attempts to escape being fi

3、ned whenever he breaks traffic regulations. 　 每當(dāng)馬克違反交通規(guī)則時(shí)，他常常企圖逃避罰款的處分。 6）Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please? 您介意把音響調(diào)低一點(diǎn)兒?jiǎn)幔? 7）The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught. 這只松鼠很幸運(yùn)沒有被捉到。 8）Her job is washing,cleaning and taking care of the children. 她的工作是洗衣服，

4、打掃和照顧孩子。 9）They run into constant discrimination in trying to find a job or friend. 在尋找工作和結(jié)交朋友方面，他們不斷地受到歧視 10）Living in digs means having one room in someone's house. 寄居的意思是在別人的家里借住一間房間。 v-ing形式做主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ) 定義： 動(dòng)名詞是由動(dòng)詞+ing變化而來(lái)，它仍保留著動(dòng)詞的某些特征，具有動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化，但沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。用以表達(dá)名詞所不能表達(dá)的較為復(fù)雜的意念。動(dòng)名詞的名詞特征表現(xiàn)在它可在句

5、子中當(dāng)名詞來(lái)用，作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)。它也可以被副詞修飾或者支配賓語(yǔ)。 作用： 動(dòng)名詞具有名詞的性質(zhì)，因此在句中可以作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等。 動(dòng)名詞的形式：(其否定形式是在v-ing前面加not) ? 主動(dòng)形式 被動(dòng)形式 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done ? 1．動(dòng)名詞的一般式所表示的動(dòng)作通常是一般性動(dòng)作，即不是明確地發(fā)生在過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的動(dòng)作，或者是表示與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 we are very interested in collecting stamps.

6、我們對(duì)集郵很感興趣。 His coming will be of great help to us. 他來(lái)對(duì)我們大有幫助。 2．動(dòng)名詞的完成式所表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前完成或結(jié)束。 He regrets not having taken part in the work. 他后悔沒有參加這項(xiàng)工作。 We were praised for having finished the work ahead of time. 我們因提前完成了這項(xiàng)工作而受到了表?yè)P(yáng)。 3．動(dòng)名詞的否定式是在v-ing前面加not。 he hated himself for not having work

7、 hard. 　他悔恨自己沒有用功。 he felt sorry for not having done the work well. 　他為沒有把工作做好感到難過(guò)。 4．動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式：當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)是行為承受者時(shí)，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如： i like being given harder work. 我喜歡接受難點(diǎn)的工作。 she is proud of being admitted into the university. 她為被大學(xué)錄取而感到自豪。 the meeting was put off without his having been consulted. 　會(huì)議延期并

8、未和他商量。 5．邏輯主語(yǔ)： 由于非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在語(yǔ)法上是不能做句子的謂語(yǔ)的，也就是說(shuō)在語(yǔ)法上它們是沒有主語(yǔ)的。但是在形式上，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍然是表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作，所以在邏輯上仍然有一個(gè)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或承受者。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或承受者和非謂語(yǔ)在邏輯上存在著主謂關(guān)系或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，但不能直接作非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ)，因此叫邏輯主語(yǔ)。 ?一、動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ) 動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)往往表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)。 Reading is an art. 讀書是一種藝術(shù)。 Climbing mountains is really fun. 爬山真是有趣。 1．直接位于句首做主語(yǔ)。

9、Swimming is a good sport in summer. 2. 用 it 作形式主語(yǔ)，把動(dòng)名詞(真正主語(yǔ))置于句尾作后置主語(yǔ)。 動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，不太常用 it 作先行主語(yǔ)，多見于某些形容詞及名詞之后。常見的能用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的形容詞有：better，wonderful，enjoyable，interesting，foolish，difficult，useless，senseless，worthwhile等。常用這種結(jié)構(gòu)的句型有：it is no use...，it is no good...，it is fun...，it is a waste of time...等句型中。例如

10、： It is no use telling him not to worry. It is no use/good/a waste of time talking about that. 注意：important，essential，necessary 等形容詞不能用于上述結(jié)構(gòu)。 3. 用于“there be”結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如： There is no saying when he'll come.很難說(shuō)他何時(shí)回來(lái)。 4. 用于布告形式的省略結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如： No smoking ( =no smoking is allowed (here) ). （禁止吸煙） No parkin

11、g. （禁止停車） 5. 動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ) 　　當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)時(shí)，?？梢栽谇懊婕由弦粋€(gè)名詞或代詞的所有格，構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)(這時(shí)，名詞或代詞的所有格做動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ))。動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)也可以在句中作主語(yǔ)。例如： Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. ★動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)與動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)的比較 　　動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞都可以用作主語(yǔ)。在意義上相近。但動(dòng)名詞多用來(lái)表示泛指或抽象動(dòng)作，不定式多用來(lái)表示特指或具體動(dòng)作。比較： Smoking is not good for health. It is n

12、ot good for you to smoke so much. 注意： 1) 在口語(yǔ)中，用動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)位于句首的較不定式多見。 2) 當(dāng)句子中的主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)都是非限定動(dòng)詞時(shí)，要遵循前后一致的原則，主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)在形式上要求統(tǒng)一： Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. ?二、動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ) 1．某些動(dòng)詞后只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，不能用不定式。常見的此類動(dòng)詞有：admit, appreciate, excuse, stand, advise, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, give

13、 up, cannot help, imagine, include, keep, understand, keep on, mind, report, risk, miss, put off, delay, practise, resist, suggest, depend on, think about, set about, succeed in, worry about, burst out, insist on, can't help, feel like, be used to, get used to, devote…to…, look forward to, pay atten

14、tion to, get down to, escape 等。 i have finished writing the book. i suggest going to the park on sunday. 2．在allow, advise, forbid, permit后直接跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，如果有名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ)，則構(gòu)成“ allow／advise／forbid／permit ＋名詞／代詞＋不定式（賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）”之形式。如： we don't allow smoking here． we don't allow anybody to smoke here． 3．動(dòng)詞need,

15、require, want意為“需要”時(shí)，后跟動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)式或不定式的被動(dòng)式作賓語(yǔ)，意義沒有區(qū)別。如： The window needs cleaning. = the window needs to be cleaned． Your hair needs cutting. = your hair needs to be cut. 4．在begin, continue, love, like, hate, prefer, intend, start 后用動(dòng)名詞和用不定式作賓語(yǔ)均可，意義沒有多大區(qū)別。 In spite of my efforts the baby continued?t

16、o cry / crying. 盡管我盡力哄這個(gè)嬰兒，但他還是哭個(gè)不停。 5．動(dòng)詞forget, go on, mean, regret, remember, stop, try, be used to, can't help后跟動(dòng)名詞和跟不定式區(qū)別較大，須注意: forget, regret, remember后跟動(dòng)名詞，動(dòng)名詞表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；后跟不定式表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 go on doing? 繼續(xù)做原來(lái)做的事 go on to do? 接著做另一件事 mean doing 意味著要做某事 mean to do 想要做某事 stop doing 停止做某事 stop

17、 to do 停下來(lái)（別的事）開始做某事 try doing?? 試著做某事 try to do?? 努力做某事 be used to doing? 習(xí)慣于做某事 be used to do?? 被用來(lái)做某事 can't help doing? 禁不住做某事 can't help to do? 不能幫助做某事 Task 2: Try to use what you have learnt and check whether you have mastered it 用所給詞的正確形式填空 1. Can you imagine yourself ______________

18、 (stay) in a lonely island? 2. I can't understand your ______________ (laugh) at that poor child. 3. She didn't mind______________ (work) overtime. 4. We are looking forward to Mary's______________ (come). 5. She was praised for ______________ (save) the life of the child. 6. She ought to

19、be praised instead of ______________ (criticize). 7. Is there any possibility of our ______________ (win) the championship? 8.He came to the party without ______________ (invite).　 9. They thought there is no trouble ______________ (tell) their favorite brand from other brands. 10. Some birds f

20、inally reach home by accidentally ______________ (come) across landmarks which they recognize. 11. Millions of pounds have been spent ______________ (improve) the free state education system in Britain. 單項(xiàng)選擇 1. _______the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement． A．The president

21、 will attend B．The president to attend C. The president attended D．The president’s attending 2. In some parts of London，missing a bus means _______for another hour． A. waiting B．to wait C．wait D．to be waiting 3. I really appreciate _______to relax with you on this nice island． A．to ha

22、ve had time B．having time C．to have time D．to having time 5．One learns a language by making mistakes and _______them． A．correct B．correcting C．correct D．to correct 6．Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _______some schools for poor children． A．set up B．setting up C．have set

23、up D．having set up 7．Tony was very unhappy for _______ to the party． A．having not been invited B．not having invited C．having not invited D．not having been invited 8．——You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting． ——Well, now I regret _______that． A．to do B．to be doing C．

24、to have done D．having done 9．She didn’t remember _______him before． A．having met B．have met C．to meet D．to having met 10．The library needs_______，but it’ll have to wait until Sunday． A．cleaning B．be cleaned C．clean D．being cleaned 11. All the staff in our company are considering _____

25、_ to the city centre for the fashion show. A. to go B. going C. to have gone D. having gone 12. —Can I smoke here? —Sorry. We don’t allow ______ here. A. people smoking B. people smoke C. to smoke D. smoking 13. It’s hard to imagine ______ anywhere else but here. A. live B. t

26、o live C. living D. to living 14. —The light in the office is still on. —Oh, I forgot ____. A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off 15. —What do you think of the book? —Oh, excellent. It’ s worth ______ a second time. A. to read B. to be read C. readin

27、g D. being read 16. This sentence needs ______. A. a improvement B. improve C. improving D. improved 17. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time ______ the exam. A. pass B. to pass C. passed D. passing 18. You can’t imagine what difficulty we had ______ home

28、 in the snowstorm. A. walked B. walk C. to walk D. walking 19. The parents suggested ______ in the hotel room but their kids were anxious to camp out during the trip. A. sleep B. to sleep C. sleeping D. having slept 20. According to a recent U.S. survey,

29、children spent up to 25 hours a week ______ TV. A. to watch B. to watching C. watching D. watch Nothing is impossible to a willing heart! Wish all of you great progress! 答案 填空 1. staying 2. laughing 3. working 4. coming 5. saving 6. being criticized 7. winning 8. being invited 9. telling 10. coming 11. improving 單選 1DABB 6BDDAA 11BDCCC 16CDDCC 8