高考英語(yǔ)一輪總復(fù)習(xí) 第一部分 教材知識(shí)梳理 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions課件 新人教版選修8.ppt

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Unit 3 Inventors and inventions,重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,1.distinguishvt.有益 convenientlyadv.便利地,方便地,,,,,,,,,,,,重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,6.caution n.小心;謹(jǐn)慎 cautious adj.小心的;謹(jǐn)慎的 cautiously adv.小心地;謹(jǐn)慎地 7.expectation n.預(yù)料;期待,期望 expect vt.預(yù)料;期望 8.passive adj.被動(dòng)的;消極的;被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的 active (反義詞)adj.主動(dòng)的;積極的;主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的 9.merry adj.愉快的,高興的 merrily adv.高興地,愉快地 10.seize vt.抓住,捉住;奪 11.criterion n.(評(píng)判的)標(biāo)準(zhǔn);尺度 criteria (pl.),,,,,,,,,,,,,重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,12.file n.文件;檔案;文件夾 vt.提交;將……歸檔 13.identification n.鑒定;辨認(rèn);身份證明 identify vt.確認(rèn);識(shí)別;鑒別 vi.認(rèn)同;一致 identity n.身份; 一致;特征 14.innocent adj.清白的;無(wú)罪的;天真的 innocence n.無(wú)罪;天真;清白 15.bear vt.忍受,忍耐;負(fù)擔(dān);生育 bore (過(guò)去式) born(e) (過(guò)去分詞) bearable adj.可忍受的,可容忍的 unbearable adj.難以忍受的,不能忍受的,,,,,,,,,,,,重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,16.tap vt.本領(lǐng),,,,,,,,,,,重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,1.call up 給……打電話 2.now and then 偶爾,有時(shí) 3.set about 開(kāi)始,著手 4.dive into 潛入;撲去;迅速把手伸入;一心投入 5.set out (to do) 開(kāi)始(做) 6.hang on 不掛斷;稍等;緊緊握住 7.out of order 次序顛倒;發(fā)生故障 8.get through 設(shè)法聯(lián)系上(尤指打通電話);(設(shè)法)做完;通過(guò) 9.ring back 回復(fù)電話 10.ring off 掛斷電話,,,,,,,,,,,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,1.我做的第一件事就是看是否有能幫助我的產(chǎn)品,但似乎只有一種專門(mén)用來(lái)殺死蛇的藥粉。 The first thing I did was to see if there were any products that might help me,but there only seemed to be powders designed to kill snakes. 2.第二天早上,天還不是很熱,我就早早地起床了。 The next morning I got up early before the sun was hot. 3.只有你得到這種承認(rèn),你才可以說(shuō)是一個(gè)真正的發(fā)明家。 Only after you have had that recognition can you say that you are truly an inventor. 4.(評(píng)定)專利標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是很嚴(yán)格的,除非新的想法真是新穎的,否則很難被接受。 The criteria are so strict that it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly novel.,,,,,,重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,5.跟蹤下去,不斷探索,不知不覺(jué)中,你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)某種值得思考的東西盤(pán)踞在你的頭腦中。 Follow it up,explore all around it,and before you know it,you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind. 6.這項(xiàng)專利是1876年發(fā)布的,但是貝爾是在五天以后才跟他的助手華生通了第一次電話。 The patent was given in 1876,but it was not until five days later that Bell sent his first telephone message to his assistant Watson.,,,When the writer called up her mother in the countryside 1.on the phone,she learned that snakes came near their house and that they seemed to 2.have made(make) their home near their house.The writer considered 3.it a chance for her to distinguish herself by 4.inventing(invent) something that would catch snakes but not harm them. She set about 5.researching(research) the habits of snakes.She decided to cool them so that they could be 6.easily(easy) caught.However,her first two plans were not successful.As a result,she had to attempt 7.a third time,8.which helped her fulfill her aim successfully.She was so 9.delighted(delight) that she determined to send her invention to the patent office to get 10.recognition(recognize) for her successful idea.,,,,,,,,,,,重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,?distinguish vt.使自己出名 Speeches distinguish human beings from animals.人類和其他動(dòng)物的區(qū)別在于人類會(huì)說(shuō)話。 They do not know how to distinguish between these two kinds of contradictions.他們不知道如何區(qū)分這兩種矛盾。 He distinguished himself by his courage.他因勇敢而揚(yáng)名。,重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,◆拓展延伸 1.distinguished adj.著名的,卓著的 be distinguished for.因……而出名 be distinguished as 被稱為;作為……而出名 2.distinguishable adj.易分辨的,能區(qū)分的,重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,◆現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 完成句子 1.分清楚語(yǔ)法規(guī)則和書(shū)面語(yǔ)言規(guī)則是很重要的。 It is important to distinguish between the rules of grammar and the conventions of written language. 2.這對(duì)孿生子十分相像,讓人無(wú)法分辨。 The twins were so much alike that it was impossible to distinguish one from the other. 3.他因跳遠(yuǎn)而出名。 He is distinguished for long jump.,,,,,,重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,?convenient adj.便利的,方便的;就近的 They abruptly disappeared into a convenient hole in the wall.它們突然一下子就消失在附近的墻洞里了。(教材原句P20) ◆常見(jiàn)用法 be convenient to sb.對(duì)某人方便 It is convenient for sb.to do sth.某人方便做某事 if it is convenient to you如果你方便的話 It is not convenient for me to ring him up.我現(xiàn)在不方便給他打電話。 Come and see me whenever it is convenient to you.只要你方便,隨時(shí)過(guò)來(lái)看我。,重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,◆拓展延伸 convenience n.方便,便利;適宜;省事 at one’s convenience在某人方便的時(shí)候 for convenience為了方便 Come by to pick me up at your convenience.你方便的時(shí)候,請(qǐng)來(lái)接我。 ◆現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 完成句子 1.我不知道你來(lái)這里是否方便。 I don’t know if it is convenient for you to come here. 2.如果你方便的話,請(qǐng)兩點(diǎn)鐘給我打電話。 If it is convenient to you,call me at two o’clock,please.,,,重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,?seize vt.奪取;抓住(機(jī)會(huì)等);捉住 Pressed by my friends and relations,I decided to seize the opportunity.由于朋友和親戚的敦促,我決定抓住這次機(jī)會(huì)……(教材原句P21) ◆常見(jiàn)用法 seize hold of 抓住…… seize sth.from sb.從某人那里奪取某物 seize sb.by the.抓住某人的(身體某部位) seize on/upon sth.抓住(可利用的事物),利用 The policeman seized him by the arm.警察抓住了他的胳膊。 The company was quick to seize on the possibilities offered by new technology.該公司迅速抓住了新技術(shù)帶來(lái)的機(jī)遇。,重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,◆現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 完成句子 1.他們突襲攻占了機(jī)場(chǎng)。 They seized the airport in a surprise attack. 2.我們應(yīng)該抓住機(jī)遇,盡最大的努力解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。 We should seize the opportunity/chance and try our best to solve the problem.,,,重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,?bear vt.忍受,忍耐;負(fù)擔(dān);生育 I cannot bear the smell of burnt sausage on the barbecue.我忍受不了烤架上烤香腸的味道。(教材原句P24) ◆常見(jiàn)用法 bear sb.to do sth.容忍某人做某事 can’t bear doing/to do sth.無(wú)法忍受做某事 bear (sth.) in mind 記住;考慮到 bear the responsibility/blame承擔(dān)責(zé)任/受責(zé)備 She could not bear seeing the children hungry.她不忍看到孩子們挨餓。 You shouldn’t have to bear the blame for other people’s mistakes.你不必代人受過(guò)。,重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,◆詞義辨析 1.bear表示“對(duì)強(qiáng)加的任何東西的忍受”,側(cè)重于表示“忍受沉重或難辦的事”。 He could not bear his company to be attacked like that.他不忍看到同伴受到那樣的攻擊。 2.stand 常與 bear 通用,但stand 包含著“不退讓”“不畏縮”的“忍受”之意。 He can stand more pain than anyone else I know.他比我認(rèn)識(shí)的任何人都更能忍受痛苦。 3.tolerate 和 stand 都表示“忍受令人生厭的事”。tolerate 的內(nèi)涵是“為了和平或融洽而不反對(duì)”。 Considering his home situation,he had to tolerate his wife.考慮到家中的情形,他不得不忍讓妻子。 4.put up with是普通用語(yǔ),指容忍某些不愉快的或有輕微傷害的事情。 Noise is coming to the point where we can’t put up with it.噪音快到我們無(wú)法忍受的地步了。,重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,◆現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 單句填空 1.Bearing(bear) in mind that he’s only ten,I think he did very well. 2.You must bear it in mind that your parents hope to depend on you to become a good doctor. 3.It was said that she bore(bear) him three sons.,,,,重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,?associate vt.聯(lián)想;聯(lián)系;聯(lián)合vi.交往n.同伴,伙伴 Although he is most often associated with the invention of the telephone,he was indeed a continuing searcher after practical solutions to improve the quality of everybody’s life.雖然人們常把他與電話的發(fā)明聯(lián)系在一起,但是他的確是一位永不停息的探索家,不斷尋求著改善人們生活質(zhì)量的途徑。(教材原句P26) ◆常見(jiàn)用法 associate with sb.與某人交往,與某人打交道 associate.with.把……和……聯(lián)系在一起 be associated with.和……有關(guān),與……相聯(lián)系,重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,You must bear it in mind that you should never associate with bad companions.你必須要牢記千萬(wàn)別和壞人交往。 In the children’s minds summer is associated with picnics.在孩子的心中,夏天是和野餐聯(lián)系在一起的。 ◆拓展延伸 association n.聯(lián)合;聯(lián)想;交往;協(xié)會(huì);團(tuán)體 in association with.與……合作;在……的幫助下 ◆現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 用括號(hào)中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1.The cancer risks associated(associate) with smoking have been well documented. 2.We are working in association(associate) with a local company to raise money for the homeless.,,,重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,?call up給……打電話;使回憶起 When I called up my mother in the countryside on the telephone she was very upset.我給住在鄉(xiāng)下的母親打電話的時(shí)候,她感到很心煩。(教材原句P20) Your letter calls up the days when we worked together fifteen years ago.你的來(lái)信使我回憶起十五年前我們一起工作的日子。 ◆拓展延伸 1.call off取消,撤銷 call out 大聲說(shuō)出 call at (some place) 拜訪(某地) call on (sb.) 拜訪(某人) call on sb.to do sth.要求/號(hào)召/呼吁某人做某事 call for 需求,需要;來(lái)取(某物);去接(某人) call in 請(qǐng)來(lái),找來(lái),重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,2.與打電話有關(guān)的短語(yǔ): ring/call back回復(fù)電話 ring off掛斷電話 give sb.a ring/call 給某人打電話 sb.be wanted on the phone有某人的電話 answer the phone 接電話 hang/hold on 不掛斷電話 hold the line 稍等 get through 設(shè)法聯(lián)系上(尤指打通電話) Why don’t you call on my sister when you’re in Brighton?你到了布萊頓何不順便探望一下我姐姐呢?,重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,◆現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 用call構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空 1.The smell of the sea called up memories of her childhood. 2.Rescuers had to call off the search because of worsening weather condition. 3.It’s the sort of work that calls for a high level of concentration. 4.The Ministry of Education calls on students to exercise for an hour every day.,,,,,重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,?set about開(kāi)始,著手 I set about researching the habits of snakes to find the easiest way to trap them.我著手研究蛇的習(xí)性,以便能找到最容易的方法捉住它們。(教材原句P20) ◆拓展延伸 set off 出發(fā);引發(fā);引爆 set out 出發(fā),動(dòng)身;開(kāi)始;打算 set aside 留出;撥出;不予考慮;把……放在一邊 set down 記下,寫(xiě)下 set up 建立;創(chuàng)業(yè) I hope I will set up my own business someday.我希望有一天我能自己創(chuàng)業(yè)。 She is going to set out/off for France at five o’clock in the morning.她準(zhǔn)備早上五點(diǎn)鐘出發(fā)去法國(guó)。,重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,◆現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 單句填空 1.She sets out to break(break) the world record. 2.We set about cleaning(clean) up the mess. 3.After breakfast,my classmates and I set out for Hong Xing Farm and received a warm welcome.,,,,重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,?get through設(shè)法聯(lián)系上(尤指打通電話);(設(shè)法)做完;通過(guò) I can’t get through.我打不通電話。(教材原句P26) It took us only a few minutes to get through the Customs.我們通過(guò)海關(guān)檢查只花了幾分鐘時(shí)間。 ◆拓展延伸 1.get into進(jìn)入;陷入;染上(習(xí)慣) get off下車;脫下(衣服等);(使)動(dòng)身;(飛機(jī))起飛 get along with.與……相處 get over越過(guò)(墻等);克服;從(病、損失等)中恢復(fù)過(guò)來(lái) get down to doing 開(kāi)始認(rèn)真做……,重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,2.go through通過(guò);檢查;經(jīng)歷 pass through從……中穿過(guò);走過(guò) look through瀏覽;仔細(xì)查看 see through 看穿,識(shí)破 break through突破…… The actress had to learn to get over her fear of the public.這位女演員必須學(xué)會(huì)不怯場(chǎng)。 She spent the whole night looking through the students’ homework.她花了一晚上查看學(xué)生的作業(yè)。 ◆現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 單句改錯(cuò) 1.It’s time I got down to think about that essay.(think 改為thinking) 2.He has great difficulty to getting along well with his classmates.(to改為in或刪除to),,,重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,?before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 The next morning I got up early before the sun was hot.第二天早上,天還不是很熱,我就早早地起床了。(教材原句P20) 在before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中,因?yàn)閎efore從句本身已含有否定的意思,所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須用肯定式。 另外,根據(jù)before在句中的實(shí)際情況,從句譯法有多種,具體可譯為:①還沒(méi)來(lái)得及……就……(常與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can,could連用);②……(之后)才……;③不久(就)……。 He rushed out of the room before I could say a word.我還沒(méi)來(lái)得及說(shuō)一句話他就沖出了房間。 It was midnight before he returned.他半夜之后才回來(lái)。 It was not long before Martin got to his feet.馬丁不久就站了起來(lái)。,重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,◆現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 用before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句完成句子 1.我很抱歉你已經(jīng)等了這么長(zhǎng)時(shí)間,但是還要再過(guò)一段時(shí)間瑪麗才能回來(lái)。 I’m sorry you’ve been waiting so long,but it’ll still be some time before Mary gets back . 2.趁我還沒(méi)忘,我得把它寫(xiě)下來(lái)。 Before I forget it,I must write it down. 3.你最好離開(kāi),不然我就要發(fā)火了。 You’d better go away before I lose my temper .,,,,重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,?“祈使句+and/or.+陳述句”句型 Follow it up,explore all around it,and before you know it,you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.跟蹤下去,不斷探索,不知不覺(jué)中,你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)某種值得思考的東西盤(pán)踞在你的頭腦中。(教材原句P25) 在“祈使句+and/or.+陳述句”結(jié)構(gòu)中,前后為順承關(guān)系時(shí),用and或then;前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系時(shí),用or,otherwise或or else。這種句型可以改為if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句。 Lend her a hand,and she will be grateful to you.=If you lend her a hand,she will be grateful.幫她一把,她會(huì)感激的。 Send an email to your parents,or they will get annoyed.=If you don’t send an email to your parents,they will get annoyed.給你的父母發(fā)個(gè)電子郵件,不然他們會(huì)生氣的。,重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,◆現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 用and或or填空 1.Lose one hour in the morning,and you will be looking for it the rest of the day. 2.Read this story,and you will realize that not everything can be bought with money. 3.Don’t turn off the computer before closing all programs,or you could have problems.,,,,一、單句填空 1.(2015·廣東高考改編)Daniel Anderson,a famous psychologist,believes it’s important to distinguish television’s influences on children those of the family. 1.from。句意:著名的心理學(xué)家丹尼爾·安德森認(rèn)為把電視對(duì)孩子的影響和家庭對(duì)孩子的影響區(qū)分開(kāi)是非常重要的。distinguish.from.“把……和……區(qū)分開(kāi)”。 2.(2015·陜西高考改編)They are indifferent to the (convenient) caused to others. 2.inconvenience。句意:他們對(duì)給別人造成的不便很冷漠。根據(jù)句意可知,空處應(yīng)該表示造成的不便,故用inconvenience。 3.(2015·浙江高考改編)Find something,dive it,take the good parts,skip the bad parts,get what you can out of it,go on to something else. 3.into。句意:找到一些書(shū),一心投入進(jìn)去,吸取精華部分,摒棄其糟粕,然后從中獲得你能得到的東西,繼續(xù)去看其他書(shū)。固定搭配dive into意為“投入”。,4.(2015·湖北高考改編)One of the families moving in was the Brenninkmeijers,currently the (wealthy) family of the Netherlands. 4.wealthiest。句意:其中搬過(guò)來(lái)的有布倫寧克邁耶一家,他們是當(dāng)時(shí)荷蘭最富裕的家庭。of the Netherlands為限定范圍,所以此處應(yīng)用形容詞的最高級(jí)。 5.(2015·湖南高考改編)This of course created a new problem:dirt (practical) buried the first floors of every building in Chicago. 5.practically。句意:這當(dāng)然引發(fā)了新的問(wèn)題:灰塵實(shí)際上覆蓋了芝加哥每棟大樓的第一層樓。此處應(yīng)用副詞practically“實(shí)際上”,修飾動(dòng)詞buried。 6.(2015·北京高考改編)But it is useful to bear in mind all such changes come from the technology and not some imagined desire by parents to keep their children under their wings. 6.that。句意:但是記住這一點(diǎn)是很有用的:所有的變化來(lái)自于科技的進(jìn)步,而非父母想將子女保護(hù)在自己的羽翼下的愿望。bear sth.in mind“把……記在心里”。此處所填詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句作bear的賓語(yǔ),從句不缺少句子成分,故用that來(lái)連接。,7.(2015·上海高考改編)Instead,they emphasize the story of the youth who (seize) opportunity and becomes a masterful leader. 7.seizes。句意:相反,他們著重講年輕人的故事。這些年輕人能夠抓住機(jī)會(huì)成為出色的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。在定語(yǔ)從句中,seize與becomes為并列關(guān)系,應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。 8.(2015·湖北高考改編)He gave himself a new name to hide his (identify) when he went to carry out the secret task. 8.identity。句意:在執(zhí)行一項(xiàng)秘密任務(wù)時(shí),他給自己起了一個(gè)新名字來(lái)掩蓋身份。identity“身份”。 9.(2014·江蘇高考改編)The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication,especially at work where a good (impress) is a must. 9.impression。所填詞被good修飾,應(yīng)填名詞impression。此處指“一個(gè)好的印象”。,10.Mr Green,for life had been very hard,donated his possessions to earthquake-hit families. 10.whom。先行詞Mr Green在從句中作介詞for的賓語(yǔ),故用關(guān)系代詞whom引導(dǎo)。句意:盡管格林先生生活艱難,但他還是把自己的財(cái)產(chǎn)捐給了在地震中受災(zāi)的家庭。,二、單元話題微寫(xiě)作 發(fā)明與專利 根據(jù)提示,將以下句子連成一篇英語(yǔ)短文。 1.我父母打來(lái)電話說(shuō)他們不能忍受房子周圍的噪音。(call up;bear) 2.為了表現(xiàn)一下自己,我抓住這次機(jī)會(huì)發(fā)明了一種消聲器(silencer)。(distinguish oneself;seize) 3.在朋友們的催促下,我打電話聯(lián)系了專利局,聲稱我的發(fā)明十分牢固,而且使用方便,從不發(fā)生故障。(get through;claim;stable;convenient;out of order) 4.結(jié)果我的產(chǎn)品符合他們的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),獲得了專利。(satisfy one’s criteria;patent) 5.我很高興自己沒(méi)有辜負(fù)父母的期望。(live up to one’s expectations),My parents called me up and told me that they couldn’t bear the noise around our house.To distinguish myself,I seized the chance and invented a new type of silencer.Pressed by my friends,I got through to the patent office,claiming it was stable and convenient to use,and never out of order.As a result,my product satisfied their criteria and I got a patent.I was very happy that I lived up to my parents’ expectations.,