2019-2020年高考英語考前沖刺Ⅲ專題02 代詞和數(shù)詞.doc

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2019-2020年高考英語考前沖刺Ⅲ專題02 代詞和數(shù)詞 【高考預(yù)測】 1.物主代詞和反身代詞的用法 2.不定代詞的用法 3.代詞that、it、one的用法 4.數(shù)詞和主謂一致 5.歷年來高考對代詞的考查都是重點。試題主要反映在單項選擇、完形填空以及短文改錯等三個方面。尤其是it在動詞之后、介詞之后的虛擬用法 6.反身代詞在短文改錯中的運用 【易錯點點睛】 易錯點點睛1 物主代詞和反身代詞的用法 1. You will find as you read this book that you just can’t keep some of these stones to . You will want to share them with a friend. A. itself B. yourself C. himself D. themselves 【錯誤解答】 A 代詞。 【正確解答】 B 3.(There at the door stood a girl about the same height _ _. A. as me B. as mine C. with mine D. with me 【錯誤解答】 A 【錯解分析】 分清賓格和所有格是關(guān)鍵。從語境來看，本題是考查物主代詞的用法。thesame常和as連用，表示“與…相同”，這里所比較的是某人的身高，所以用名詞性物主代詞mine. 【正確解答】 B 4.—Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard. —Why ? John is sitting there doing nothing. A. him B. he C. I D. me 【錯誤解答】 C 【錯解分析】 盡管是指“我”，但在口語中，單獨說“我”時，一般用me。 【正確解答】 D 5. Tom felt that he knew everybody’s business than they knew it _ _. A. themselves B. oneself C. itself D. himself Is’s nice if a 【錯誤解答】 D It’s nice if a man can have his own car. I want to have my very own car. 4.“a(an，Some，any) +名詞+ of one’s own”表示“某人自己的……”的意思。名詞前可以用this,that,these,four,those,several,another,no,whieh等修飾，但不能用定冠詞the。例如: 5.反身代詞的習慣用語。 by oneslf =alone 獨自地，親自 to oneself 暗自 for oneself 為自己 in oneself 本質(zhì)上 of onesflf 自動地，自發(fā)地 be oneself 玩得愉快 dress oneslf in 穿著…… help oneslf to 隨便吃……，自行取用 e to oneself 蘇醒 make oneself at home 不要客氣 devote omeself to 專心于；獻身于…… find omeself in/at發(fā)覺自己來到…… teach oneself 自學(xué) dress oneself 自己穿 lose oneself 迷路 excuse oneself 自我辯解 【變式探究】 —Is your camera like Bill’s and Ann’s? —No, but it’s almost the same as . A. her B. yours C. them D. their 答案: D 解析:their=their cameras，用作名詞性物主代詞。 2 Jack is one of those men who I am sure always do best even in the most make you different from . A. everyone else B. the other C. someone else D. the rest 【錯誤解答】 C或D 【錯解分析】 本題看似是和別人不同，會誤選C?；蜃惚绕溆嗟娜?，誤選D.從句意分析，應(yīng)該是“和任何一個其他的人不同”，因此填everyone　else。 【正確解答】A 2.(xx精選模擬) She doesn’t know anyone here. 5he has got to talk to. A. anyone B. someone C. everyone D. no one 【錯誤解答】 A 【錯解分析】 本題出現(xiàn)錯誤的情況是對題意的不理解。根據(jù)前文的意思，沒有一個認識的人，是完全否定，你們，后一句也應(yīng)該是完全否定。 【正確解答】 D 3.I got the story from Tom and people who had worked with him. A. every other B. many others C. some other D. other than 【錯誤解答】 D或A 【正確解答】 B 5. We had three sets of garden tools and we seemed to have no use for . A. none B. either C. any D. each 【錯誤解答】 A或D 【錯解分析】 一般考生認為none是完全否定，這里是三者，符合這個用法。根據(jù)題意，“似乎我們對任何一個都沒有利用”，強調(diào)“任何”，所以選C。 【正確解答】 C 6.—One week’s time has been wastea. —I can’t believe we did all that work for __ . A. something B. nothing C. everything D. anything 【錯誤解答】 A或D 【錯解分析】 前者說:一周的時間已被浪費掉了。后者說:我無法相信我們所做的一切毫無結(jié)果／什么都沒換來。句中的for有“替挾、兌挾”之意。一周內(nèi)干了許多工作，卻勞而無功，所以才白白浪費了一周時間，沒有換來任何成果。 【正確解答】 B 【特別提醒】 易混不定代詞的用法區(qū)別: 1.some和any 二者都可用作名詞(作主語或賓語)，也可用作形容詞(作定語)來修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞。 (1)some一般用于肯定句中。當some用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前時，表示”某一(個)”，與數(shù)字連用則表示“大概，大約”的意思，用于疑問句時，表示說話人希望得到肯定的回答，或表示請求，建議。例如: I’ve read the story in some book. (某一本) Some girl. is waiting for you at the school gate.(某個) The country has exported some two million bikes this year. ( 大約 ) May I have some water? (表示請求) Would you like some apples? (邀請) (2)any多用于疑問句，否定句和條件句中。在肯定句中，any表示“任何的”，修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。也可用作狀語，表示程度。例如: both兩者都，all三者或三者以上，全體；在句中可作主語、賓語、定語和同位語。 (1)all除了指人，作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；還可指物，表示“所有，一切”，作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，也可用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞。例如: All but one are present.(作主語，指人，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)) All is over with him.(作主語，指物，謂語動詞用單數(shù)) I have forgotten all about it(作賓語) All hope has gone.(修飾不可數(shù)名詞) They all agree to stay here.(作同位語) 3.much和many 兩個詞都有“許多”的意思，much表示或修飾不可數(shù)名詞，many表示或修飾可數(shù)名詞。在口語中，much或many多用于疑問句或否定句，在肯定句中常用a lot of，lots Of，plenty of，a large quantity of，quantities of代替。much還可以用a great deal of代替，many可以用a(1arge)number of代替。 (1)much可用作副詞，作狀語，表程度。be not much意為“不怎么樣”，much還可與too連用，構(gòu)成“too much+不可數(shù)名詞”短語，意為“太多的……”或“much too+形容詞或副詞”短語，意為“太……“非常”，是副詞詞組，修飾形、副詞，但不修飾動詞。例如: The city is much larger than that one. I’ve visited the country and it is not much. There is too much noise in the classroom 單數(shù)名詞”，“every +序數(shù)詞 + 單數(shù)名詞”，例如: Every one has strong and weak points. Every student has told a story. every three weeks 每隔三個星期，每隔兩個星期 every other week = every second week 每隔一星期 every few weeks(不能說evesry a few weeks)每隔幾個星期 6.either 和neither either指“兩個人或物中的任何一個”，表示肯定意義，neither指“兩個人或物一個也不”，表示否定意義。這兩個詞作主語時，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)。 ①either可放在否定句的句尾，表示”也”。例如: I don’t know either.我也不知道。 ②either可用作連詞，“或者，要么”的意思，一般與。or連用，構(gòu)成“either... or”短語，意為“不是……就是……”，“或者……或者……”。當這一短語連接兩個名詞或代詞作主語時，謂語動詞在人稱和數(shù)上要同最近的主語保持一致，如: Either he or I am to blame. Is either he or you going to the cinema? Are either you or he going to the cinema? ③either修飾名詞時，前面不用物主代詞，指示代詞或定冠詞，可以說:“either pen”，但不能說“the either pen或either my pen” ④either用作代詞時，可以單獨使用，也可和of連用，of后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，名詞前要用一個物主代詞，指示代詞或定冠詞，如: He doesn’t like either of the two places. ⑤當either of作主語時，動詞一般用單數(shù)形式，但在否定句和疑問句中，動詞也常None of books are (is) interesting. 注意: ①none but+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)，例如: None but wolves walk like that.除非狼才會那么走。 ②none和noone的區(qū)別: none回答以howmany／much引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句或“any of + 限定詞 + 名詞”或表一定范圍的一般疑問句，no one回答以who引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句及含有anybody或無限定范圍的一般問句，簡言之， none表示數(shù)量，no one表示沒有人，例如: — How many students are there in the classroom now? —None. —How any of you ever been to the Great Wall? —None. —Who can answer the question? —No one. 8.other,another,others,any other,the other的用法。 (1)other表示泛指，意為“另外的，其他的”。常與復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞連用。如果其前有 the，this，some，any，each，every，no以及形容詞性物主代詞時，其后就可接單數(shù)名詞。例如: I have no other place to go. (2)another常用于指三者或三者以上中的“另外一個”，泛指單數(shù)?？梢詥为毷褂茫部梢越用~。如果其后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，則表示“又，再，還”。例如: This cap is too small for me. Show me another (one). We need another three assistants in our pany. (3)others是other的復(fù)數(shù)形式，表示泛指，意為“別的人或物”，但不指全部。特指時在其前加定冠詞；前面可加任何限定詞以及數(shù)量詞。例如: He has more concern for others than for himself. (4)any other表示一個之外的其他任何一個，百不是兩個之中的另一個。例如: China is larger than any other country in Asia. (5)the other，表示兩者中的另外一個?？梢詥为毷褂?，以可接單數(shù)名詞。例如: No agreement was reached in the discussion as neither side would give away to the other. 【變式探究】 1 —Do you want fish or chicken? —____. I don’t really mind. A. Both B. None C. Either D. Neither 答案: C 解析:根據(jù)句意“不介意”，那么無論什么都可以了。 If you want to change for a double room you’ll have to pay __ 30 dollars. A. another B. other C. more D. each 答案: A 解析:another接數(shù)詞表示“再一”，more的位置在數(shù)詞前。 One of the side of the board should be painted yellow, and______ . A. the other is white B. another white C. the other white D. another is white 答案: C 解析:木板只有兩面，另一面是特指。 4 Sarah has read lots of stories by American writers. Now she would like to read __ stories by writers from countries. A. some; any B. other; some C. some; other D. other; other 答案: C 解析:意思是想閱讀“一些”“其他國家的”作家的小說。 5 —Are the new rules working? —Yes. books are stolen. A. Few B. More C. Some D. None 答案: A 解析:根據(jù)語境，“幾乎沒有”。 易錯點點睛3 代詞出at、it、one的用法 1.(xx精選模擬) I’m moving to the country because the air there is much fresher than __ in the city. A. ones B. one C. that D. those 【錯誤解答】 B 3. I like in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. A. this B. that C. it D. one 【錯誤解答】 B或D 【錯解分析】 本題中l(wèi)ike是及物動詞，需要賓語。此處it指模糊的情形或環(huán)境，沒有具體的指代，是虛詞。其余的選項都是錯誤的。再如典型例題套中的一題: —I like __ here? —Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so nice! A. this B. these C. it D. that 【正確解答】 C 4.(Few pleasures can equal of a cool drink on a hot day. A. some B. any C. that D. those 【錯誤解答】 D 【錯解分析】 如果把它動作是few Pleasures，就會誤選 D項了。根據(jù)句意“很少有在熱天喝杯冷飲那種快樂”，很明顯，這是替代特定的被限定的事物，即:the pleasure of a cool drink，只有that才能表達特定意義。 【正確解答】 C 5. Cars do cause as some health problems __ in fact for more serious than mobile phones do. A. one B. ones C. it D. those 【錯誤解答】 D 【錯解分析】 這里ones用來替代前文的problems，由于有修飾語serious，故不能和those. 【正確解答】 B 【特別提醒】 1.代詞it,they與替代詞one,ones,the one,the ones,that,those 的用法區(qū)別: (1)it指代前面提到過的事物，they是它的復(fù)數(shù)形式。 (2)one替代單數(shù)名詞，表示不特定的名詞，也就是指泛指，ones是它的復(fù)數(shù)形式。 There is only one puter of the type in the shop, so I want to buy it for my daughter. (句 1) 2.代詞it的主要用法 用作人稱代詞，指代前文提到過的事物。例如: This is not my book. It is Mary’s. 用來代替指示代詞出，this或that。例如: — What’s this? —It’s a dictionary. —Whose jacket is that? —It is hers. 在性別不清楚時用來指人。例如: —Who’s knocking at the door? —It’s me. (4):指時間；距離、天氣、環(huán)境等。例如: —What’s the time now? —It’s ten past twenty. It’s getting warmer and wanner. It’s about ten miles’ ride from my home to the town. (5)指代整個句子的內(nèi)容；例如: Our team won the football match .Have you heard about it? (6)用于某些習慣用語中作賓語，對這些習慣用語只能從整體上來理解；例如: I hate it when people speak with their mouths full. We’ll foot it. As it is, we can hardly get to the station by 7o’clock. 【變式探究】 1 oung people may grow quickly in some ways and more slowly in . A. the other B. some other C. others D. those others 答案: C 解析:在其他方面。 2 I intended to pare notes with a friend, but unfortu nately _couldn’t spare me even one minute. A. they B. one C. who D. it 答案: A 易錯點點睛4 數(shù)詞和主謂一致 1.(xx精選模擬) He did it __ it took me. A. one - third a time B. one - third time C. the one - third time D. one - third the time 【錯誤解答】 A或C 【錯解分析】 分數(shù)和百分數(shù)后面不能直接跟名詞或代詞，而應(yīng)該是“分數(shù)或百分數(shù)+of+冠詞或限定詞+名詞或代詞”，其謂語動詞與of后面的名詞或代詞在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。本題time后接定語從句，前面要加定冠詞the.表示“三分之一的時間”為one－third the　time. 【正確解答】 D 2.As a result of destroying the forests, a large of the desert covered the land. A. number; has B. quantity; has C. number; have D. quantity; have 【錯誤解答】 C A. is washing away B. is being washed away C. are washing away D. are being washed away 【錯誤解答】 A 【錯解分析】 本題考查語態(tài)和主謂一致。此句主語是一復(fù)數(shù)形式huge　quantities，所以謂語應(yīng)用相應(yīng)的復(fù)數(shù)形式。 【正確解答】 D 【特別提醒】 1.數(shù)詞使用的注意事項 (1)hundred,thousand,million,billion,score,dozen前有數(shù)詞，后接of連接名詞時，表示不具體的量，加復(fù)數(shù)。例如: five hundred people two score apples tens of thousands of millions of (2)表示“幾十”的數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式前用形容詞性物主代詞形式時，表示“(某人)在幾十歲”；用定冠詞the修飾則表示年代。例如: in his early thirties 在他二十幾歲時 in the 1990s (1990’s)二十世紀九十年代 (3)序數(shù)詞在句中作定語時，一般在序數(shù)詞前加定冠詞the；有時加不定冠詞a(n)，表示“又一”，“再一”的意思，相當于another。例如: Monday is the second dqy of a week . Would you like a second cup of tea? (4)固定短語 one at a time 一次一個地 one by one 一個一個地 by the dozen以打計 by the hundred以百計 in tens十個十個地 one in (out of)ten 十個中的一個 World War Two/the Second World War第二次世界大戰(zhàn) 2.主謂語一致基本用法所遵循的三個原則 【變式探究】 1 The writer of the novel is a professor in his . A. thirty B. thirtieth C. thirty’s D. thirties 答案: D 解析:表示“在某人的幾十歲的時候”用整十數(shù)的 復(fù)數(shù)形式。 2 Not only I but also Jane and Mary __ fired of having one examination after another. A. is B. are C. am D. be 答案: B 1.I will chance __ whether it is possible or not. A. it B. that C. this D. one 【解析】 英語中it常置于些動詞或介詞之后，在句右充當形式主語，但沒有具體意義，構(gòu)成習慣用法。這樣的動詞常見的有: make it規(guī)定時間；辦成、做到。例如: You can’t make it to the other shore in such a bad weather. forget it 沒關(guān)系、算了吧。例如: —How much do I owe you? —Forget it! Don’t bother to pay me back foot it 步行去。例如 We had to foot it in the rain. watch it 當心。例如: —It’s raining hard, watch your steps, or you’ll fall over. —Thank you. I’ll watch it. go it趕快干。例如: Go it, otherwise, we can’t finish it before dark. 本題chance it 是“碰碰運氣”的意思。 【答案】 A 難點2 反身代詞在短文改錯聽運用 2.改錯 Dear Tom, I’m glad to hear that you are ing soon. I had just 1. read an ad for house sale, which you might be interesting in. 2. I’m writing yourself about what it says. 3. 【解析】 反身代詞在短文改錯中或是人稱代詞錯用作反身代詞，或是反身代詞錯用作2 You’ll catch if you do like this. A. this B. that C. one D. it 答案: D 解析:catch it受到懲罰”。 【典型習題導(dǎo)練】 I.單項選擇 1 You asked us to send you our price and catalogue for the season. I’m sure you will find plenty to interest you in . A. it B. this C. one D. those 答案: A 4 —Why didn’t you have dinner out in a restaurant last night? —We couldn’t because of us money in hand. A. all; didn’t have B. none; had any C. everyone; had to D. nobody; had any 答案: B 7 —Where can we have supper tonight? —Oh, if you don’t mind, we can do it at __ of the restaurants. A. all B. every C. any D. each 答案: C 解析:“任何一家都可以”。 8 8 —I saw no more than one motor - car in that shop. Will you go and buy —No, I’d rather find __ in other shops. A. one; one B. it; it C. one; it D. it; one 答案: D 解析:no more than one表示“只有一部車”。 9 —Which side can I sit on the boat? —If you sit still, you can sit on __ . A. neither side B. every side C. both side D. either side 答案: D 解析:兩邊中的任何一邊。 10 Now that the new disks have been bought,_ _ will you do with these old ? A. how; ones B. what; those C. how; those D. what; ones 答案: D 解析:替代詞有前置修飾語時，不可用those。 11 —You’re always working. e on, let’s go shopping. — you ever want to do is going shopping. A. Anything B. Something C.All D. That 答案: C 解析:“你任何時候想干的(一切)只是買東西”。 12 The articles made of leather cost much more than __ those of plastic. A. that B. those C. it D. ones 答案: B 15 _ _ friends Betty had made there _ _ all invited to her birthday party. A. A few; was B. The few; were C. Few; were D. Few of; was 答案: B 解析:前面特指，friends是復(fù)數(shù)，所以謂語動詞也 用復(fù)數(shù)。 16 Is that a book on farming? If so, I want to buy __ . A. this B. one C. it D. those 答案: C 解析:前文中的that是關(guān)鍵詞。 17 The club has __ meeting, held every other Wednesday. A. a weekly B. an annual C. monthly D. a fortnightly 答案: A 解析:由every other Wednesday可推斷。 18 The party last month really gave me a lot of fun. So Mr.James, can we have __ this month? A. another B. one C. it D. other 答案: A 18.A 解析:“再來一場”，也就是“另外一場”。 19 Mr. Johnson enjoyed again by working in the factory because he always hates __ while staying alone at home all day long. A. him; that B. it; it C. himself; it D. himself; that 答案: C 解析:前者構(gòu)成短語enjoy oneself； it指代前文的動作。 20 It is rare in __ that people in __ fifties are going to university for further education. A. 90s; the B. the 90s; / C. 90s; their D. the 90s; their 所以不和a連用。 23 —Is there anyone who is going to the Great Wall? — ______. A. None B. No one C. No D. Not any 答案: A 解析:none表示數(shù)量，no one表示沒有人。 24 —Who is making so much noise in the garden? — the children. A. It is B. They are C. That is D. There are 答案: A 解析:強調(diào)句型的省略。 25 —Which of the fashionable dresses do you like best? —_ _ They are both expensive and of little use. A. None B. Nothing C. Neither D. Either 答案: D 26 If a student can make what has been learned , whether in class or from social practice, he will make steady progress. A. his own B. him C. himself D. his 29 —When shall we meet again? —Make it __ day you like it; it’s all the same　to me. A. one B. any C. another D. some 答案: B 解析:后文說“對我都一樣”，所以是“任何一天都可以”。 30 E-mail, as well as telephones, an important part in daily munication. A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play 答案: A 解析:主語是單數(shù)E-mail. 31 If you can dream , you can do __ . A. one; it B. it; one C. one; one D. it; it 33 WheAn you are reading fast, your eyes will be one or two word groups ahead of __ your mind is taking in. A. one B. the others C. the one D. others 答案: C 36 —This machine is no better than that one. —You are right. Evidently we have to buy __ A. this one B. that one C. neither D. both 答案: C 解析:句意為“一個都不買”，兩者的全部否定。 37 I don’t like this pair of gloves. Will you show me ? A. another B. the others C. some others D. other ones 答案: A 38 —Excuse me, I want to have my watch fixed, but Ican’t find a repair shop. —I know __ nearby. e on, I’ 11 show you. A. one B. it C. some D. that 答案: A 39 Jack is one of those men who I am sure always do best even in the most difficult 42 If we keep on polluting the environment, the white plastic rubbish will be the last thing to tell other creature that “ once an earth.” A. there was B. there is C. it is D. it was 答案: A 解析:表示過去曾有過。 43 The man has lived in the small town for 20years. So he knows who is _ _ there. A. somebody; no body B. everybody; anybody C. nobody; everybody D. anybody; everybody 答案: B 44 It was during the 1920s that the friendship between the two American writers Hemingway and Fitzgerald reached __ highest point. A. their B. its C. his D. our 答案: B 解析:指代前文的friendship。 45 Nowadays everything strange is strange. That is to say, any unexpected thing is possible to happen. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything 答案: C 48 The trainer praised me, for what I did was better than of the top player on the team. A. any B. each C. that D. those 答案: C 解析:指代前面的不可數(shù)的事情。 49 —Thank you for your help. — . Good luck. A. Sometimes B. Sometime C. Anytime D. Every time 答案: C 解析:意為“隨時都樂意幫助你”。 50 I’m, just as is sung in a song, . I live on my own. A. someone B. somebody C. anybody D. nobody 答案: C 解析:nobody用作名詞，意思是“不重要的人，小人物”。 51 —The secretary wrote __ note to the pany manager. —I guess she forgot writing one. A. the other B. one C. one more D. another one 答案: C 解析:從后文看是忘記寫過了。 52 there is a tree on either side of the road. A. Every few meters B. Every few meter C. Every a few meters D. Every a few meter 答案: A 53 —You have no difficulty finding the answer to the question? — . A. None at all B. Not at all C. No problem D. No one 答案: A 54 —How do you find the football match? —Wonderful, I think. Just as fine as __ of the matches we’ve seen. A. one B. another C. some D. any 答案: D 55 Even if they are on sale, these refrigerators are equal in price to, if not more expensive than,__ at the other shop. A. the others B. that C. the ones D. anyone 答案: C 解析:指代前文的refrigerators。 II.完形填空 閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從56～76各題所給的四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。 help me. We had to work at top speed 70 buckets of water from the kitchen to 71 the fire, fanned by the wind from the windows, 72 . We were unable to 73 out the fire , but we managed to 74 it under co